We watch documentaries and read a plethora of materials on the history of animal and plant species every single day. But how did humans discover the origins of these animals and plant species? It was with the help of fossils. Paleontologists have been able to harness vital information from fossils to give us clues to…
Most of today’s landscapes were carved out by the extensive glaciers of the most recent ice age. The perfectly modified landscapes robustly reflect the handiwork of ice. This carving ability explains why they are known as nature’s bulldozers. Europe harbors most of the world’s glaciers. The largest glacier is eastern Antarctica’s Lambert Glacier, which is…
Many have looked at a rock and wondered how it came to be. Well, the history of rocks begun about 4.5 billion years ago, when dust and gas combined to form the very rocks that make up our beautiful planet. Rocks are the stuff of stars since they were created from elements harnessed far of…
The Arctic Ocean is the shallowest and smallest ocean with a total area of approximately 13,986,000 square kilometers. It is located around the North Pole and is surrounded by some countries like Greenland, Alaska, Canada, Russia and Norway. The ocean is connected to the Pacific Ocean by the Bering Strait and the Atlantic Ocean by…
The Southern Ocean is the newest ocean recognized by the United States Board on Geographic Names. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) created the Ocean as the fifth ocean ranking as the fourth largest ocean in the world representing fifteen percent of the earth’s water. The ocean is believed to form after the separation of South…
The Indian Ocean is the third largest oceanic divisions in the world and covers one-fifth of the total ocean waters. It bounds the waters on the west of Africa, east of Malay Peninsula, Sunda Islands, Australia, south of Southern Ocean, and the north of Asia including the Indian peninsula. The Indian Ocean was originally named…
Wind erosion is a natural process where the soil is moved, carried, and transported by the force of the wind from one place to another. In order to be transported, the threshold velocity of the wind is needed. However, this depends on the size, weight, and wetness of the soil particles. Soils are composed of…
Seafloor spreading is a geologic process where there is a gradual addition of new oceanic crust in the ocean floor through a volcanic activity while moving the older rocks away from the mid-oceanic ridge. The mid-ocean ridge is where the seafloor spreading occurs, in which tectonic plates—large slabs of Earth’s lithosphere—split apart from each other. Seafloor…
The Southern Ocean is also known as the Antarctic Ocean located in the Southern hemisphere that surrounds the Antarctica. It is ranked as the fourth- largest of the five principal oceans in the world constituting 15 percent of the earth’s waters. The Southern Ocean is the newest named ocean recognized by the United States Board…
The Indian Ocean is the third largest oceanic divisions in the world next to the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. It is but larger than Antarctic Ocean (Southern Ocean) and Arctic ocean covering 20 percent (one-fifth) of the world waters. It is scattered with thousands of tropical Islands such as the Seychelles and the…
In geology, a fault is a discontinuity that is formed by fracture in the surface rocks of the Earth (up to 200 km deep) when tectonic forces exceed the resistance of the rocks. In other words, a fault is a crack in the Earth’s crust. The rupture zone has a generally well defined surface called the fault…
Fold occurs when rock deforms in such a way that it bends instead of breaking. The rocks, like any other material, deform to the action of external efforts. We do not grasp this deformation, but we know when a rock is deformed. Folds come from pressure on the rocks that occur over very long periods…
After the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean is the largest ocean on Earth. The Atlantic is divided by the Equator in two rather artificial sections: the North Atlantic and the South Atlantic. Its name derives from Atlantikos (Atlas – the sea beyond the Atlas Mountains), one of the Titans of Greek mythology. Size and Boundaries…
Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world in terms of weight and depth. It covers more than one third of the surface of the Earth and contains more than half of its volume of water. It is usually done, artificially, a division from the line of Equator: the North Pacific and the South Pacific….
The shallowest and smallest out of the five oceans, the Arctic, can be found in the northern hemisphere. Its name comes from the word ‘’Arktos’’ which means bear in Greek. Despite the cold, the territory in these waters has been fairly populated for around 20,000 years ago by Eskimos that of course, are physically and…